{"id":22383,"date":"2026-08-24T14:15:07","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T12:15:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/?p=22383"},"modified":"2026-08-24T14:15:07","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T12:15:07","slug":"dalibor-rohac-demokracie-v-ohrozeni-americke-ponauceni-pro-evropu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/2026\/08\/24\/dalibor-rohac-demokracie-v-ohrozeni-americke-ponauceni-pro-evropu\/","title":{"rendered":"Dalibor Roh\u00e1\u010d: Demokracie v ohro\u017een\u00ed: americk\u00e9 ponau\u010den\u00ed pro Evropu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Shrnut\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kapitola se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed kriz\u00ed demokracie ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a jej\u00edmi d\u016fsledky pro Evropu. Upozor\u0148uje na struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed slabiny americk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed, jako jsou oslaben\u00fd Kongres a politick\u00e9 strany, prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se spole\u010densk\u00e1 polarizace a rozklad politick\u00fdch norem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00e9 Trumpovo funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje kvalitativn\u00ed zlom, kter\u00fd se vyzna\u010duje ohro\u017een\u00edm procedur\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie, politick\u00fdm n\u00e1sil\u00edm a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00ed moci v\u016f\u010di odp\u016frc\u016fm. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159ijaly \u00fazce sobeck\u00fd a drav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm vztah\u016fm, \u010d\u00edm\u017e naru\u0161ily dlouhodob\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed a spojenectv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u016fsledku toho Evropa \u010del\u00ed nov\u00e9 nejistot\u011b ohledn\u011b bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f USA a mus\u00ed se j\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit pos\u00edlen\u00edm vlastn\u00ed obrany a strategick\u00e9 kultury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapitola se rovn\u011b\u017e v\u011bnuje prom\u011bn\u011b informa\u010dn\u00edho ekosyst\u00e9mu, v n\u011bm\u017e soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b zesiluj\u00ed polarizaci a podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee instituce jsou jen tak siln\u00e9 jako lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed je vedou, a vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 jak elity, tak b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ob\u010dany, aby se postavili autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evropa se mus\u00ed z americk\u00e9ho demokratick\u00e9ho \u00fapadku pou\u010dit, vybudovat odolnost v\u016f\u010di obdobn\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m a znovu se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit k princip\u016fm liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova:<\/strong> \u00fapadek demokracie, polarizace, transatlantick\u00e9 vztahy, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00davod<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 Economist Intelligence Unit od roku 2016 \u0159ad\u00ed mezi \u201evadn\u00e9 demokracie\u201c, pokra\u010dovaly v tomto sestupn\u00e9m trendu i v prvn\u00edm roce druh\u00e9 Trumpovy administrativy (Economist Intelligence Unit, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 zat\u011b\u017euj\u00ed americk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed, maj\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed povahu a p\u0159edch\u00e1zely chv\u00edli, kdy Donald Trump v \u010dervnu 2015 ze sv\u00e9ho zlat\u00e9ho eskal\u00e1toru ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee vstupuje do politiky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kongres po \u0159adu let sl\u00e1bl a institucion\u00e1ln\u011b se vyprazd\u0148oval; standardn\u00ed legislativn\u00ed proces byl st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji nahrazov\u00e1n na posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony nebo rozhodnut\u00edmi vyd\u00e1van\u00fdmi formou exekutivn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f (Carmines a Fowler, 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u00e9 samotn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech institucion\u00e1ln\u011b oslabovaly (Stasi, 2018), zat\u00edmco stranick\u00e1 polarizace s\u00edlila a nab\u00fdvala st\u00e1le vyhrocen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podoby (Iyengar a kol., 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyto trendy se projevovaly jak b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho Trumpova mand\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd s\u00e1m o sob\u011b p\u0159edstavoval zat\u011b\u017ek\u00e1vac\u00ed zkou\u0161ku americk\u00fdch politick\u00fdch instituc\u00ed, tak za b\u011bhem prezidentsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adov\u00e1n\u00ed Joea Bidena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trump\u016fv n\u00e1vrat k moci v roce 2025 znamenal z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zlom hned ve dvou ohledech. V rovin\u011b vnitropolitick\u00e9 rozvr\u00e1til dosavadn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm je v USA vykon\u00e1v\u00e1na moc. V rovin\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pak zpochybnil glob\u00e1ln\u00ed roli Ameriky, jej\u00ed\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed obrysy se po dlouhou dobu op\u00edraly o \u0161irok\u00fd mezistranick\u00fd konsenzus, kter\u00fd dnes ji\u017e neexistuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V rovin\u011b vnitropolitick\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje Trumpovo znovuzvolen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmou hrozbu pro procedur\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracii a legitimitu volebn\u00edho procesu. Nikoli proto, \u017ee by jeho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v roce 2024 postr\u00e1dalo legitimitu, ale proto, \u017ee pop\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f voleb z roku 2020 se stalo trvalou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jeho politick\u00e9 identity i programu Republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 strany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To z\u00e1konit\u011b vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku, zda p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed moci prob\u011bhne pokojn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trump nav\u00edc do pop\u0159ed\u00ed americk\u00e9 politiky vr\u00e1til n\u00e1sil\u00ed: nejprve t\u00edm, \u017ee hned prvn\u00ed den sv\u00e9ho prezidentsk\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu omilostnil pachatele \u00fatoku na Kapitol ze 6. ledna 2021 (Parloff, 2025), pot\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00fdm sv\u00fdm odp\u016frc\u016fm odebral ochranu tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby (Holland, 2025), a nakonec t\u00edm, \u017ee ve m\u011bstech, jako je Minneapolis, po\u0161tval proti ob\u010dan\u016fm USA agenty feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trump se rovn\u011b\u017e nezdr\u00e1hal vyu\u017e\u00edt proti sv\u00fdm politick\u00fdm oponent\u016fm justici, a to v\u010detn\u011b \u010dlen\u016f Kongresu (Slodysko, Tucker, a Richer, 2025) \u010di p\u0159edsedy Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho rezervn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (Mena, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeho prvn\u00ed t\u00fddny v \u00fa\u0159adu se nesly ve znamen\u00ed masivn\u00edho a zjevn\u011b nez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed uzav\u0159\u00edt feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm takzvan\u00e9ho DOGE, tedy \u00da\u0159adu pro efektivitu vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f regula\u010dn\u00ed a antimonopoln\u00ed politiky a pod hrozbou \u00fa\u010delov\u00fdch \u017ealob se Trump sna\u017eil pod\u0159\u00eddit si \u010d\u00e1st medi\u00e1ln\u00edho trhu, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zpravodajsk\u00fdch stanic jako CBS, ABC a CNN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e1le upevnil kontrolu nad velk\u00fdmi platformami soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed \u2013 X, Meta i TikTok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trumpova administrativa se v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b zapletla i do mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f korupce a st\u0159etu z\u00e1jm\u016f, kter\u00e9 by pro kter\u00e9hokoli jin\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho politika znamenaly konec kari\u00e9ry (Center for American Progress, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento v\u00fdvoj je pro evropsk\u00e9 spojence Ameriky zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolu s vnitropolitick\u00fdmi ot\u0159esy se prom\u011b\u0148uje role Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed politice, a to zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd naru\u0161uje dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o americk\u00fdch z\u00e1jmech, motivech i zp\u016fsobech, jimi\u017e Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vystupuj\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V souladu s Trumpovou r\u00e9torikou, sahaj\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e do 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed, administrativa Donalda Trumpa jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee b\u0159emeno konven\u010dn\u00edho odstra\u0161en\u00ed v Evrop\u011b ponesou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podobn\u011b znepokojuje nejist\u00e1 povaha americk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f i spojence v indopacifick\u00e9m regionu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00e1 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed strategie USA a N\u00e1rodn\u00ed obrann\u00e1 strategie (National Security Strategy of the United States of America; National Defense Strategy<\/em>) zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdsadn\u00ed postaven\u00ed USA na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli, \u010d\u00edm\u017e o\u017eivuj\u00ed ur\u010ditou verzi Monroeovy doktr\u00edny (Executive Office of the President, 2025; U.S. Department of Defense, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro Evropany by m\u011blo b\u00fdt obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 znepokojiv\u00e9, \u017ee tato nov\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed strategie zleh\u010duje ruskou hrozbu a up\u0159ednost\u0148uje budouc\u00ed \u201estrategickou stabilitu\u201c mezi Washingtonem a Moskvou (Executive Office of the President, 2025: 27).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by m\u011bly podporovat nacionalistick\u00e9 a euroskeptick\u00e9 s\u00edly na evropsk\u00e9m kontinentu (Executive Office of the President, 2025: 26).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento postoj se prom\u00edtl i do Trumpova p\u0159\u00edstupu k v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b. Trump otev\u0159en\u011b nal\u00e9hal na Kyjev, aby p\u0159istoupil na \u00fazemn\u00ed \u00fastupky v\u016f\u010di Rusku, a \u010dlenstv\u00ed Ukrajiny v NATO ozna\u010dil za nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington se st\u00e1hl z multilater\u00e1ln\u00edch instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 s\u00e1m pom\u00e1hal budovat, a p\u0159estal je financovat. Na jejich m\u00edsto nastoupila tvrd\u00e1 obhajoba vlastn\u00edch, \u00fazce definovan\u00fdch geopolitick\u00fdch a ekonomick\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukrajina byla fakticky donucena p\u0159isl\u00edbit \u201esplacen\u00ed\u201c americk\u00e9 pomoci formou privilegovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu americk\u00fdch firem k t\u011b\u017eb\u011b kov\u016f vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2026 Trumpova administrativa svrhla Nicol\u00e1se Madura ve Venezuele, av\u0161ak nikoli s c\u00edlem nastolen\u00ed demokracie \u2013 zbytek re\u017eimu z\u016fstal u moci v\u00fdm\u011bnou za americk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k venezuelsk\u00e9 rop\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cla a hrozby jejich zaveden\u00edm se stala standardn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem k vynucov\u00e1n\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch \u00fastupk\u016f od spojenc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Evropsk\u00e9 unie, Japonska a Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stejnou taktiku administrativa uplatnila i v\u016f\u010di D\u00e1nsku v ot\u00e1zce Gr\u00f3nska, zde v\u0161ak bez \u00fasp\u011bchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 pro\u0161ly procesem demokratick\u00e9ho \u00fapadku, nazna\u010duje, \u017ee prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bny ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech bude velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zvr\u00e1tit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evrop\u0161t\u00ed spojenci, kte\u0159\u00ed byli dosud z\u00e1visl\u00ed na americk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch z\u00e1ruk\u00e1ch a strategick\u00e9m veden\u00ed, by proto m\u011bli sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edstup k USA trvale p\u0159ehodnotit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch zm\u011bn je budov\u00e1n\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch obrann\u00fdch kapacit a sd\u00edlen\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 kultury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nem\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je opustit star\u00fd a dlouhodob\u011b zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00fd n\u00e1vyk pohl\u00ed\u017eet na Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jako na p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b blahod\u00e1rnou s\u00edlu v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pos\u00edlit odolnost evropsk\u00fdch demokraci\u00ed v\u016f\u010di stejn\u00e9mu typu demokratick\u00e9ho \u00fapadku, jak\u00fd nyn\u00ed sledujeme ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amerika, kterou znaly p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace, u\u017e neexistuje<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem Trumpova prvn\u00edho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed bylo pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee evrop\u0161t\u00ed spojenci pova\u017eovali excesy jeho administrativy za odchylku od norm\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud toti\u017e odhl\u00e9dneme od prezidentovy pobu\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e9toriky a dom\u00e1c\u00edch skand\u00e1l\u016f, mohlo se prvn\u00ed Trumpovo prezidentstv\u00ed jevit jako p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b konven\u010dn\u00ed republik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 administrativa \u2013 sni\u017eovalo da\u0148ov\u00e9 sazby, doma prosazovalo hospod\u00e1\u0159skou deregulaci, poskytovalo Ukrajin\u011b vojenskou pomoc a p\u0159im\u011blo spojence, aby za\u010dali zvy\u0161ovat v\u00fddaje na obranu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bylo tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 tvrdit, \u017ee Trumpovo zvolen\u00ed v roce 2016 bylo bu\u010f \u010dirou n\u00e1hodou, nebo v\u00fdsledkem souboje s v\u00fdrazn\u011b nepopul\u00e1rn\u00ed soupe\u0159kou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dnes je v\u0161ak takov\u00fd optimismus t\u011b\u017eko obhajiteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trump byl v roce 2024 znovuzvolen s p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fdm n\u00e1skokem a jeho ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 podpora z\u016fstala stabiln\u00ed i pot\u00e9, co p\u0159istoupil k prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nejkontroverzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 agendy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u0165 se to Evrop\u011b l\u00edb\u00ed, nebo ne, americk\u00fd prezident zt\u011bles\u0148uje politickou s\u00edlu, kter\u00e1 bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b utv\u00e1\u0159et ve\u0159ejn\u00fd \u017eivot ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech je\u0161t\u011b \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evropa se nav\u00edc ocitla ve slep\u00e9 uli\u010dce se strategi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 dosud p\u0159evl\u00e1dala v jej\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupu k Trumpovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strategie zalo\u017een\u00e1 na kombinaci \u201etransak\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu\u201c, tj. hled\u00e1n\u00ed dohod prezentovateln\u00fdch jako americk\u00e1 politick\u00e1 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, a otev\u0159en\u00e9ho lichocen\u00ed nep\u0159isp\u011bla ke stabilizaci americko-evropsk\u00fdch vztah\u016f ani nezabr\u00e1nila protievropsk\u00e9mu posunu v r\u00e1mci Republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 strany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento trend, jeho\u017e p\u0159edstaviteli jsou mimo jin\u00e9 J. D. Vance a Elbridge Colby, se od dob prvn\u00ed Trumpovy administrativy d\u00e1le prohlubuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00fdmi projevy tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu se staly dva okam\u017eiky: kdy\u017e gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk NATO Mark Rutte ozna\u010dil Trumpa jako \u201etat\u00ednka\u201c a poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed obchodn\u00ed dohoda, kterou Evropsk\u00e1 komise p\u0159ijala v l\u00e9t\u011b 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V jej\u00edm r\u00e1mci EU souhlasila s desetiprocentn\u00edmi cly na sv\u016fj v\u00fdvoz do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a p\u0159ijala z\u00e1vazek investovat do americk\u00e9 ekonomiky 600 miliard dolar\u016f, k nim\u017e se p\u0159idaly n\u00e1kupy americk\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch surovin v hodnot\u011b 750 miliard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1vazky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se investic jsou nicm\u00e9n\u011b do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry form\u00e1ln\u00ed: EU jako celek nen\u00ed instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by mohla z\u00e1vazn\u011b sl\u00edbit investice na \u00fazem\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, stejn\u011b jako nem\u016f\u017ee garantovat n\u00e1kupy LNG \u010di ropy (European Commission, 2025b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samotn\u00e1 dohoda, jako\u017e i Trumpova hrozba jej\u00edho vypov\u011bzen\u00ed v prvn\u00edch t\u00fddnech roku 2026, nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159ed\u011bl v americko-evropsk\u00e9 alianci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po celou dobu od konce druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky vn\u00edmali evrop\u0161t\u00ed partne\u0159i Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jako kvalitativn\u011b nov\u00fd typ sv\u011btov\u00e9 supervelmoci: jako mocnost, kter\u00e1 se nevyzna\u010duje expanzivn\u00ed dravost\u00ed a neusiluje o nadvl\u00e1du jako samo\u00fa\u010deln\u00fd c\u00edl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco Rusko a \u010c\u00edna m\u011bly kontrolu nad sv\u00fdmi satelitn\u00edmi st\u00e1ty a nad zem\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 si podrobily hrubou silou, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty m\u011bly skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele \u2013 alespo\u0148 dosud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evropan\u00e9, Japonci i Korejci proto americk\u00e9 veden\u00ed obecn\u011b v\u00edtali a vyhled\u00e1vali; nemuselo jim b\u00fdt vnucov\u00e1no, jak tomu b\u00fdvalo v imperi\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9mech minulosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dobrovoln\u00fd syst\u00e9m mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce, jakkoli byl v praxi nedokonal\u00fd, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nab\u00fdvat rys\u016f koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed nadvl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hrozba uvalen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch desetiprocentn\u00edch cel na evropsk\u00fd v\u00fdvoz \u2013 a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nepostoupen\u00ed Gr\u00f3nska D\u00e1nskem p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u2013 je v pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch transatlantick\u00fdch vztah\u016f zcela bezprecedentn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trumpova r\u00e9torika byla sice zpo\u010d\u00e1tku bagatelizov\u00e1na jako politick\u00e1 exhibice, av\u0161ak prezident neustupoval a jeho r\u00e9torika nab\u00fdvala na agresivit\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eskalace vyvrcholila hrozbou cel a rovn\u011b\u017e d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017ekou pou\u017eit\u00edm vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly, kterou bez obalu vyslovil z\u00e1stupce vedouc\u00edho kancel\u00e1\u0159e B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu (Lotz, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161ak byla evropsk\u00e1 reakce asertivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkolik zem\u00ed vyslalo do Gr\u00f3nska symbolick\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 kontingenty \u2013 nikoli proto, aby \u010delily p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 invazi, n\u00fdbr\u017e aby zv\u00fd\u0161ily politickou cenu, kterou by Trump musel zaplatit za p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 n\u00e1siln\u00e9 p\u0159evzet\u00ed ostrova (Smialek a Nierenberg, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emmanuel Macron, jinak zpravidla naklon\u011bn\u00fd dialogu s Trumpem, se nav\u00edc rozhodl americk\u00e9ho prezidenta na Sv\u011btov\u00e9m ekonomick\u00e9m f\u00f3ru v Davosu ok\u00e1zale ignorovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u00e1nsk\u00e9 penzijn\u00ed fondy za\u010daly odprod\u00e1vat americk\u00fd dluh s odkazem na nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 fundamenty (Harring, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed krok byl sice skromn\u00fd, evropsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce v\u0161ak dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 biliony dolar\u016f v americk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch dluhopisech, tedy 40 procent v\u0161ech t\u011bchto zahrani\u010dn\u00edch dr\u017eeb, vedle dal\u0161\u00edch bilion\u016f dolar\u016f v jin\u00fdch americk\u00fdch cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edrech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ed \u010dtvrte\u010dn\u00edm no\u010dn\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00edm Evropsk\u00e9 rady se EU chystala poprv\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt \u201eobchodn\u00ed bazuku\u201c, regula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj proti ekonomick\u00e9mu n\u00e1tlaku, kter\u00fd byl p\u016fvodn\u011b vytvo\u0159en jako obrana proti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9mu ekonomick\u00e9mu vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve sv\u011btle ot\u0159es\u016f na finan\u010dn\u00edch trz\u00edch Trump od sv\u00fdch hrozeb ustoupil a odvol\u00e1val se p\u0159itom na bl\u00ed\u017ee nespecifikovanou r\u00e1mcovou dohodu s D\u00e1nskem, kter\u00e1 z\u0159ejm\u011b bu\u010f v\u016fbec neexistovala, nebo byla bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jakkoli je tato situace bezprecedentn\u00ed a nov\u00e1, evrop\u0161t\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i by m\u011bli o transatlantick\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch za\u010d\u00edt uva\u017eovat z hlediska moci \u2013 tedy z hlediska evropsk\u00e9 zranitelnosti a z\u00e1vislosti na Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, ale tak\u00e9 z hlediska p\u00e1k, kter\u00e9 lze v\u016f\u010di sou\u010dasn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 administrativ\u011b uplatnit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00edlem ov\u0161em nen\u00ed urychlit transatlantick\u00fd rozchod, n\u00fdbr\u017e zajistit, aby Evropa dok\u00e1zala \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b reagovat na typy chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve charakteristick\u00e9 pro jej\u00ed protivn\u00edky, av\u0161ak nyn\u00ed se za\u010daly objevovat i v jedn\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem \u00fasp\u011bchu je pochopiteln\u011b vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch obrann\u00fdch kapacit nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch na Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dramatick\u00e1 prom\u011bna informa\u010dn\u00edho ekosyst\u00e9mu<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Trumpovo zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va v\u016f\u010di m\u00e9di\u00edm a dopady oligarchick\u00e9 kontroly medi\u00e1ln\u00edho prostoru \u2013 jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00edklady p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed televizn\u00ed stanice CBS \u010di den\u00edk Washington Post<\/em> \u2013 p\u0159itahuj\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed ve\u0159ejnou pozornost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato tradi\u010dn\u00ed m\u00e9dia se v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s klesaj\u00edc\u00ed sledovanost\u00ed a \u00fabytkem p\u0159edplatitel\u016f a st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b relevantn\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnohem z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvu pro demokracii, a to na obou stran\u00e1ch Atlantiku, p\u0159edstavuje vzestup soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed jako hlavn\u00edho kan\u00e1lu politick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 transparentnost algoritm\u016f, kter\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00ed o tom, co lid\u00e9 vid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou proto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, nakolik se demokratick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my dok\u00e1\u017eou \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobit nov\u00fdm online form\u00e1m \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed politick\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dopady nov\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f jsou obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dostupn\u00e9 poznatky nicm\u00e9n\u011b nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159esahuj\u00ed r\u00e1mec dob\u0159e zmapovan\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f dezinformac\u00ed a rusk\u00e9 st\u00e1tem financovan\u00e9 propagandy (Zhuravskaya, Petrova, a Enikolopov, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto\u017ee se tv\u016frci algoritm\u016f sna\u017e\u00ed maximalizovat zapojen\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f a dobu, kterou lid\u00e9 na platform\u00e1ch tr\u00e1v\u00ed, maj\u00ed silnou motivaci up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat kontroverzn\u00ed a emocion\u00e1ln\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u00fd obsah, jen\u017e m\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1le posilovat polarizaci, extremistickou politiku a naru\u0161ovat d\u016fv\u011bru v politick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeliko\u017e algoritmy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozorovatele jakousi \u010dernou sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148kou, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 posoudit, zda s nimi nelze manipulovat nap\u0159\u00edklad tak, aby p\u0159ed volbami p\u0159\u00edmo nahr\u00e1valy konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm kandid\u00e1t\u016fm nebo prosazovaly ur\u010dit\u00e1 politick\u00e1 t\u00e9mata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po \u00fatoc\u00edch ze 7. \u0159\u00edjna se TikTok stal \u017eumpou protiizraelsk\u00e9ho a antisemitsk\u00e9ho obsahu (Fox, 2024), kter\u00fd byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159en s c\u00edlem d\u00e1le rozdm\u00fdch\u00e1vat polarizaci ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech (Adkins, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nez\u00e1visle na tom Trump p\u0159i obhajob\u011b sv\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed zvr\u00e1tit z\u00e1kaz TikToku na\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd Kongresem otev\u0159en\u011b poukazoval na svou \u201edobrou zku\u0161enost\u201c s touto platformou b\u011bhem voleb v roce 2024 (Shapero, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na rozd\u00edl od Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f disponuje Evropa pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy, kter\u00e9 velk\u00fdm technologick\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed povinnost odstra\u0148ovat nez\u00e1konn\u00fd obsah a dohl\u00ed\u017eet na nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy, dezinformace, politickou reklamu a dal\u0161\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed jevy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k velikosti trhu Evropsk\u00e9 unie m\u00e1 tento \u201ebruselsk\u00fd efekt\u201c skute\u010dn\u00fd dopad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed pravidel hroz\u00ed velk\u00fdm platform\u00e1m vysok\u00e9 pokuty, a to a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e 6 procent jejich celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho obratu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akt o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (Digital Services Act<\/em>) zavedl specializovanou instituci, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 povahu a rizika algoritm\u016f, na nich\u017e jsou jednotliv\u00e9 platformy zalo\u017eeny, European Centre for Algorithmic Transparency<\/strong>, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 velk\u00fdm platform\u00e1m ulo\u017eil povinnost sd\u00edlet s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi org\u00e1ny sv\u00e1 data (European Commission, 2025a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fraz na vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch pravidel je v\u0161ak nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd a ve skute\u010dnosti jej oslabuj\u00ed obavy z nap\u011bt\u00ed s Washingtonem, proto\u017ee vlivn\u00e9 osobnosti americk\u00e9 administrativy ozna\u010duj\u00ed prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed regulace soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed za ohro\u017een\u00ed svobody slova a slibuj\u00ed tvrdou odvetu (Atkinson, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaveden\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch a legitimn\u00edch regulatorn\u00edch mantinel\u016f pro soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia se jev\u00ed jako nezbytn\u00e1 podm\u00ednka pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti evropsk\u00fdch demokraci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fasp\u011bchu by Evropa prok\u00e1zala slu\u017ebu i Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm: \u010d\u00e1st platforem by sv\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobila evropsk\u00fdm standard\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I bez tohoto efektu by funk\u010dn\u00ed evropsk\u00fd regulatorn\u00ed model p\u0159edstavoval v\u00fdznamn\u00fd referen\u010dn\u00ed bod a pos\u00edlil by pozici t\u011bch akt\u00e9r\u016f ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, kte\u0159\u00ed usiluj\u00ed o vymezen\u00ed jasn\u00fdch hranic velk\u00fdm platform\u00e1m a jejich \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m a politick\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Instituce jsou jen tak dobr\u00e9 jako lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed je vedou<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Spole\u010denskov\u011bdn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum demokratick\u00e9ho \u00fapadku neboli \u201ebackslidingu\u201c se obvykle zam\u011b\u0159uje na s\u00edlu politick\u00fdch a pr\u00e1vn\u00edch instituc\u00ed \u010di jin\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 charakteristiky demokratick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00edlem je odhalit vzorce, kter\u00e9 pomohou pochopit, za jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednek demokratick\u00e1 eroze nast\u00e1v\u00e1 a jak ji lze zvr\u00e1tit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z tohoto hlediska vykazuj\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu zna\u010dnou zranitelnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle Indexu pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu organizace World Justice Project se Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mezi lety 2016 a 2025 propadly o dev\u011bt m\u00edst (World Justice Project, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00edla a vliv Kongresu u\u017e l\u00e9ta sl\u00e1bnou, tak\u017ee se tato instituce dnes bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed bezv\u00fdznamnosti (Kosar a Drutman, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nar\u016fst\u00e1 tak\u00e9 stranick\u00e1 polarizace, kter\u00e1 podporuje mentalitu hry s nulov\u00fdm sou\u010dtem a logiku \u201emy vs. oni\u201c, a t\u00edm zt\u011b\u017euje kompromis i spole\u010denskou soudr\u017enost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed rok Trumpova druh\u00e9ho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 jasn\u011b odhalil druhou stranu mince spojenou s autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi tendencemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kam se pod\u011bla role jednotlivc\u016f, jejich odpov\u011bdnost a ob\u010dansk\u00e1 odvaha?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velmi z\u00e1hy se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed planety \u2013 tit\u00e1ni technologick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu \u2013 rozhodli Trumpovi p\u0159izp\u016fsobit, m\u00edsto aby se mu postavili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podobn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e, jako Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, pod tlakem kapitulovaly u\u017e b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch dn\u016f Trumpovy administrativy a nab\u00eddly mu bezplatn\u00e9 slu\u017eby i jin\u00e9 formy kompenzace, i kdy\u017e trh tento krok nereflektoval zrovna pozitivn\u011b (Khardori, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 univerzity \u2013 Columbia, Northwestern a University of Virginia \u2013 uzav\u0159ely se sou\u010dasnou administrativou dohody ze strachu, \u017ee p\u0159ijdou o feder\u00e1ln\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed. Lze tvrdit, \u017ee t\u00edm u\u010dinily \u00fastupky v oblasti akademick\u00fdch svobod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politicky \u010dlenov\u00e9 Kongresu neobst\u00e1li tak, jak si situace \u017e\u00e1dala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoh\u00e9 z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch Trumpov\u00fdch politick\u00fdch krok\u016f \u2013 plo\u0161n\u00e1 cla, DOGE, vojensk\u00e1 akce ve Venezuele \u010di hrozby v\u016f\u010di D\u00e1nsku \u2013 mohl Kongres snadno neutralizovat, ale k tomu nedo\u0161lo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kongres mohl schv\u00e1lit dal\u0161\u00ed bal\u00edk pomoci Ukrajin\u011b, odep\u0159\u00edt feder\u00e1ln\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji nez\u00e1konn\u00e9mu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed imigra\u010dn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f a d\u016fkladn\u011b prov\u011b\u0159it p\u0159edstavitele administrativy zapleten\u00e9 do zjevn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f korupce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdr\u017eenlivost prok\u00e1zali i z\u00e1stupci Demokratick\u00e9 strany v Kongresu, kte\u0159\u00ed na Trumpa nad\u00e1le nahl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed prizmatem b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 politiky, nam\u00edsto aby k n\u011bmu p\u0159istupovali jako k neb\u00fdval\u00e9 existen\u010dn\u00ed hrozb\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato opatrnost, kterou lze mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst politick\u00e9 obez\u0159etnosti, jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u010dast\u00e9mu r\u00e9torick\u00e9mu vykreslov\u00e1n\u00ed Trumpa jako hrozby pro demokracii a americk\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159itom opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee si voli\u010di tohoto nesouladu d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji v\u0161imnou a politiky za toto pokrytectv\u00ed potrestaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh institucion\u00e1ln\u00edho odporu v\u016f\u010di Trumpovi v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jen p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem naprost\u00e9ho selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudy se v \u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f postavily proti administrativ\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b \u2013 a Trump se jejich rozhodnut\u00edmi zat\u00edm \u0159\u00edd\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ur\u010ditou opatrnost projevil mo\u017en\u00e1 ve sv\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00edch Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, a to jak p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kter\u00e9 se rozhodl projednat, tak v samotn\u00fdch kone\u010dn\u00fdch verdiktech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To m\u016f\u017ee odr\u00e1\u017eet neochotu postavit se Trumpovi p\u0159\u00edmo \u2013 snad i v reakci na v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017eku viceprezidenta Vance, \u017ee by se administrativa mohla rozhodnout jeho rozhodnut\u00ed nerespektovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak i p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy ob\u010dansk\u00e9 odvahy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katoli\u010dt\u00ed biskupov\u00e9 se postavili proti krutosti deportac\u00ed Trumpova re\u017eimu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edseda Rady guvern\u00e9r\u016f Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho rezervn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Jerome Powell z\u016fstal ne\u00fastupn\u00fd i ve chv\u00edli, kdy na n\u011bj administrativa podala trestn\u00ed \u017ealobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011bji ne\u017e elity v\u0161ak \u010dasto p\u016fsobili oby\u010dejn\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed razie v Minneapolisu, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla b\u00fdt \u00fadajn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159ena na vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch migrant\u016f, se zastavila a\u017e tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 \u0161irok\u00e9mu odporu ve\u0159ejnosti a po zabit\u00ed dvou ob\u010dan\u016f USA, Renee Goodov\u00e9 a Alexe Prettiho \u2013 nikoli v d\u016fsledku krok\u016f volen\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f \u010di elit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010dinn\u00fd odpor proti autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vy\u017eaduje jak \u0161irokou mobilizaci ve\u0159ejnosti, tak elity, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou odpor organizovat, usm\u011br\u0148ovat a v\u00e9st.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Americk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad by m\u011bl slou\u017eit jako varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed bezmoc\u00ed, a to jak pro elity, tak pro \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednotliv\u00e9 \u010diny a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed odvaha maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti, kdo v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch \u010del\u00ed \u00fapadku demokracie, by nikdy nem\u011bli podlehnout p\u0159edstav\u011b, kterou jim antidemokratick\u00e9 re\u017eimy obvykle z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee jsou osamoceni a \u017ee je jejich odpor stav\u00ed proti drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b spoluob\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed demokratick\u00fd \u00fapadek ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech m\u00e1 nezpochybniteln\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro transatlantick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed i pro Evropu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejnal\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich p\u0159edstavuje nejistota t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se americk\u00e9ho z\u00e1vazku k bezpe\u010dnosti Evropy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ot\u00e1zka, jak\u00e9 partikul\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy Washington v evropsk\u00e9m prostoru prosazuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed strategii USA se sou\u010dasn\u00e1 administrativa zjevn\u011b hl\u00e1s\u00ed k politik\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 by pos\u00edlily nacionalistick\u00e9 a protiunijn\u00ed s\u00edly, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do ideov\u00e9ho i praktick\u00e9ho st\u0159etu s dlouhodob\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi strukturami a z\u00e1jmy Evropy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 reakce Evropy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zalo\u017eena na schopnosti br\u00e1nit se a rozv\u00edjet partnerstv\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi podobn\u011b sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00edmi st\u00e1ty, bude-li to nutn\u00e9 i bez Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, aby mohla h\u00e1jit sv\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

St\u00e1le drav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed Washingtonu oprav\u0148uje k mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b obez\u0159etn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu nam\u00edsto vst\u0159\u00edcnosti a trp\u011blivosti, kter\u00e9 by vych\u00e1zely z nad\u011bje, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00fd obrat v americk\u00e9 politice je pouze do\u010dasn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 by Evropan\u00e9 ud\u011blali dob\u0159e, kdyby americk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad pe\u010dliv\u011b studovali, pou\u010dili se z americk\u00fdch chyb a zabr\u00e1nili jejich opakov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fakol\u016fm v tomto ohledu pat\u0159\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u201ezkrocen\u00ed\u201c, v \u0161irok\u00e9m slova smyslu, divok\u00e9ho a nestabiln\u00edho informa\u010dn\u00edho ekosyst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd obklopuje dne\u0161n\u00ed demokracie v online prostoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nem\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je v\u0161ak i \u00fasil\u00ed o celospole\u010denskou podporu princip\u016f liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie a o sd\u00edlen\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed hrozeb, kter\u00e9 ji ohro\u017euj\u00ed, aby evropsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my disponovaly dostate\u010dn\u00fdmi protil\u00e1tkami \u010delit autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm tendenc\u00edm ji\u017e v moment\u011b, kdy se objev\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Vybudovat vlastn\u00ed obrann\u00e9 kapacity a rozv\u00edjet partnerstv\u00ed s podobn\u011b sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00edmi st\u00e1ty, a to i nez\u00e1visle na Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Nahradit vst\u0159\u00edcnost a trp\u011blivost v\u016f\u010di Washingtonu mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou obez\u0159etnost\u00ed \u2013 sou\u010dasn\u00fd obrat v americk\u00e9 politice nelze pova\u017eovat za do\u010dasn\u00fd.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • D\u016fkladn\u011b studovat americk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad, pou\u010dit se z tamn\u00edch chyb a zabr\u00e1nit jejich opakov\u00e1n\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed EU.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Regulovat online informa\u010dn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m tak, aby byl stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00fd ke zneu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Budovat celospole\u010denskou podporu princip\u016f liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie a posilovat sd\u00edlen\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed hrozeb, kter\u00e9 ji ohro\u017euj\u00ed.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Vybavit evropsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my dostate\u010dn\u00fdmi \u201eprotil\u00e1tkami\u201c proti autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm tendenc\u00edm \u2013 a to d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se naplno projev\u00ed.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

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    Center for American Progress. \u201eTrump\u2019s Take.\u201d P\u0159\u00edstup 28. ledna 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    European Commission. \u201eThe EU-US Trade Deal: Restoring Stability and Predictability.\u201d 27. \u010dervence 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Executive Office of the President. \u201eNational Security Strategy.\u201d The White House, listopad 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fox, Mira. \u201eHow Fast Does TikTok Send Users Down the Antisemitic Rabbit Hole?\u201d The Forward<\/em>, 25. ledna 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Harring, Alex. \u201eDanish Pension Fund to Sell $100 Million in Treasurys, Citing \u2018Poor\u2019 U.S. Government Finances.\u201d CNBC<\/em>, 20. ledna 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Holland, Steve. \u201eTrump Strips Security Detail from Former Adviser Bolton.\u201d Reuters<\/em>, 21. ledna 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Iyengar, Shanto, Yphtach Lelkes, Matthew Levendusky, Neil Malhotra a Sean J. Westwood. \u201eThe Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States.\u201d Annual Review of Political Science<\/em> 22, \u010d. 1 (11. kv\u011btna 2019): 129\u201346.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Khardori, Ankush. \u201eThe Fallout Is Growing on Trump\u2019s Deals With Law Firms.\u201d Politico<\/em>, 10. \u010dervence 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kosar, Kevin R., Timothy M. Lapira a Lee Drutman. Congress Overwhelmed: The Decline in Congressional Capacity and Prospects for Reform.<\/em> Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Lotz, Avery. \u201eMiller Says No One Would Stop U.S. from Seizing Greenland.\u201d Axios<\/em>, 6. ledna 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Mena, Bryan. \u201eFederal Prosecutors Open Criminal Investigation into the Fed and Jerome Powell.\u201d CNN<\/em>, 12. ledna 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Parloff, Roger. \u201eTrump Pardons or Commutes Terms of All Jan. 6 Rioters.\u201d Lawfare Media<\/em>, 20. ledna 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    Slodysko, Brian, Eric Tucker a Alanna Durkin Richer. \u201eDocument Shows DOJ Examining the Handling of Mortgage Fraud Investigation into Sen. Schiff.\u201d PBS<\/em>, 20. listopadu 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Smialek, Jeanna, a Amelia Nierenberg. \u201eA Few Dozen European Troops in Greenland Set Off Trump.\u201d The New York Times<\/em>, 20. ledna 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    World Justice Project. \u201eWJP Rule of Law Index.\u201d P\u0159\u00edstup 28. ledna 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina, Maria Petrova a Ruben Enikolopov. \u201ePolitical Effects of the Internet and Social Media.\u201d Annual Review of Economics<\/em> 12 (2020): 415\u201338.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Shrnut\u00ed Kapitola se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed kriz\u00ed demokracie ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a jej\u00edmi d\u016fsledky pro Evropu. Upozor\u0148uje na struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed slabiny americk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed, jako jsou oslaben\u00fd Kongres a politick\u00e9 strany, prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se spole\u010densk\u00e1 polarizace a rozklad politick\u00fdch norem. Druh\u00e9 Trumpovo funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje kvalitativn\u00ed zlom, kter\u00fd se vyzna\u010duje ohro\u017een\u00edm procedur\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie, politick\u00fdm n\u00e1sil\u00edm a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00ed […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":22384,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,4,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-publikace","category-rocenka"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22383","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22383"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22383\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22385,"href":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22383\/revisions\/22385"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22384"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}